Essay about Utilitarianism and Happiness - 845 Words

This theory advocates that the actions worth is determined by maximizing utility (pleasure or happiness).it looks at the consequence of an action as to whether the outcome is good to the majority of people affected by it. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is the greatest happiness or greatest felicity principle. There are many types of this theory which include act vs. rule, two level, motive, negative and average vs. total. (Clifford G., John C. 2009) In act utilitarianism, when people have to make choices, they should consider the consequences of each choice and then choose that which will generate much pleasure. The rule utilitarianism looks at the rules of actions which are potential and looks at what would happen if a certain†¦show more content†¦Utility measurement should not be restricted to a nation or a group but to all mankind. It this theory all actions are assessed depending on the outcome they give at the end. A utilitarian acts in such a way that everything he does is towards achieving an outcome which is good for it to be termed moral. Some wars however do not give good results and this is why a pacifist will not advocate for such. These include self-defense and those wars that are toward protecting genocides. The consequentiality prohibitions given against war are contingent for most parts. Utilitarianism view of pacifism is grounded in some rule-utilitarianism. A utilitarian pacifist argues that a rule against war or other sorts of violence will tend to promote the greatest happiness for majority of the people involved. Also this prohibition against violence can give greatest happiness and this takes into account the sentient beings happiness other than humans. From history, war produces more harm than what people view as good. There is one problem however for consequentalists as to whether war could cause more suffering that solving the problem. Utilitarian defenders then say that some of these wars increased pain and suffering. If people will go against wars then, happiness will be the ultimate result. In this theory, killing is justified if it will eventually give happiness in the end. An individual can act the way he wants but should be careful not toShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism And Happiness755 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism has surrounded the view of happiness and ways to endorse it. The thought here is that all individuals look for joy, which is the objective of all individuals. At the point when an individual act is decent, he or she should attempt to achieve the best conceivable measure of happiness which is known as the greatest happiness principle. An individual must continuously deliver happiness, to decrease unhappiness. The theory is entirely centered around the result of an individual s actions;Read MoreUtilitarianism and Happiness945 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism In his book, J.S. Mill attempts to build on Jeremy Benthams original idea of Utilitarianism. His definition of the moral theory is one that is grounded in Benthams original work but also extends to include remarks to criticisms of Utilitarianism. Mill believes that, like Bentham, utility is what is valuable to society. Utility, according to Mill, is the promotion of pleasure or the absence of pain. He defines this as happiness, which is why he refers to utility as the GreatestRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Pursuit Of Happiness1566 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism according to mill is the pursuit of happiness in addition to the â€Å"prevention or mitigation of unhappiness (930). Utilitarianism is focused on maximizing happiness, in the greatest quality and quantity, of all sentient creation. What is ethical is thus determined by the end result towards self and society (amount of happiness) rather than the motive or action. Mill describes that actions are right if they â€Å"tend to produce happiness† (intended pleasure) and wrong if they â€Å"tend to produceRead MoreUtilitarianism, Or The Greatest Happiness Principle1407 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, states that the mo rality of an action should be judged based on the extent to which it produces happiness, or the opposite of happiness—an action is good as long as the result is happiness, and deemed bad if it results in pain. A clearer understanding of what Utilitarianism is can be gained by John Stuart Mill’s characterization of what it is not. He states, â€Å"I believe that the very imperfect notion ordinarily formed of its meaning, is the chiefRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1176 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism John S. Mill describes utilitarianism, also known as â€Å"The greatest happiness principle†, as a philosophical theory of morality. This theory is focused on the end result (a consequential theory) rather than the motive behind it. It argues that the morality of the action is solely dependent on the action’s results. The action is morally ethical as long as it produces the greatest happiness for the majority of people involved. Mill mentions, â€Å"†¦ the greatest happiness principle holdsRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1574 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is best referred to as the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle.† This means that when one considers himself as a utilitarian, he believes it is only right to judge the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences. In other words, â€Å"actions are considered moral when they promote utility and immoral when they promote the reverse† (Nubcaek 2011). T he principle of utility helps to capture an idea of the good is that which produces the greatest benefit, greatest advantage, orRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle528 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism was first brought up along the nourishing of â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle† introduced by Jeremy Bentham and further developed by John Stuart Mill, who was a follower of Bentham (Sweet, 2013). Based upon its principle, Utilitarianism states that to be good is to generate the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest number. In contrast with rational egoism, Utilitarianism focuses more on maximizing the overall net happiness of the majority. When facing a decision toRead MoreUtilitarianism Essays : The Happiest And Pleasure Of The Most People Not Included The Personal Happiness1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe unsound of utilitarianism The utilitarianism theory is described as the happiest and pleasure of the most people not included the personal happiness. Jeremy Bentham believes there were two masters in this world that are pleasure and pain. On utilitarianism, we should reject pain and found a way to make more people happy no matter what the outcome. Utilitarianism is unsound because of events in history, life conflict, and animal cruelty that occurs in our everyday. All thru history, it has shownRead MoreHappiness And Happiness1736 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept and context: happiness. However, happiness comes with consequences and the utilitarian philosophy will make the decision if it’s morally right or wrong. This is where many types of utilitarian has emerged but the 3 time period will be addressed: Historical utilitarianism, Classical utilitarianism, and Modern utilitarianism. They are very similar but have important miniscule differences in them that separates them from each other but overall share the same concept of happiness. Key words:UtilitarianismRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Utilitarianism954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the ethical belief that the happiness of the greatest number of people is the greatest good. Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers that were leading advocates for the utilitarianism that we study today. In order to understand the basis of utilitarianism, one must know what happiness is. John Stuart Mill defines happiness as the intended pleasure and absence of pain while unhappiness is pain and the privation of pleasure. Utilitarians

Limited Liability Companies - 1277 Words

After reading the case of Alex, Bill, Carl, and Devon’s business, me being their accountant, a type of business I would suggest them will be a Liability Limited corporation. Based on their needs LLC would be a perfect form of business for them. As their company was sole proprietorship ran by their dad, LLC offers some advantages of a corporation, as well as some advantages of a sole proprietorship. â€Å"A limited liability company, commonly called an LLC, is a business structure that combines the pass-through taxation of a partnership or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.† (Nolo, 2014, n.a.) The characteristics of LLCs and a partnership company are somewhat similar as they both provide flexibility to the management and also the benefit of pass-through taxation. The Owners of an LLC are called members. As most states do not have any limit on ownership, members can be individuals, companies, other LLCs and foreign individuals. There is no li mit on the number of members in LLC. Some LLC also have only one owner, which is called a single member, and it is allowed in most of the states. Most states do not restrict ownership, and so members may include individuals, corporations, other LLCs and foreign entities† (irs.gov, 2014) There are some important factors that Alex, Bill, Carl, Devon and Xavier should know before they move forward to convert their business into Limited Liability Company. Ease and cost of formation In order to establish LLC, anShow MoreRelatedA Limited Liability Company1811 Words   |  8 PagesiA Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a business structure allowed by state statute. LLCs are popular because, similar to a corporation, owners have limited personal liability for the debts and actions of the LLC. Other features of LLCs are more like a partnership, providing management flexibility and the benefit of pass-through taxation. Owners of an LLC are called members. 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With the ability of choosing which regime of taxation the business will identify with, protection from liability for the debts accrued by the business, no double taxation on business and member, and having the business counted as a separate entity, LLCs enjoy many of the benefits that corporations do, while being counted as a default partnershi p where new LLC laws do not cover an issue. Opening a restaurantRead MoreTypes Of Limited Liability Companies1965 Words   |  8 PagesThe Companies Act (2006) recognises a distinction between two different types of limited liability companies: A private company where the investment is largely provided by the founding members either through their personal savings or from bank loans, and a public company where the intention is to raise large amounts of money from the general public. The law assumes a closer relationship between the members in a private company than in a public company. Therefore, private companies commonly restrictRead MorePalmers Concrete Limited Liability Company1549 Words   |  7 PagesPalmer’s Concrete Limited Liability Company Palmer’s Concrete is an independent owned limited liability corporation that uses concrete to build sidewalk curves, and lay foundations for any edaphic. Palmer’s Concrete Limited Liability Company is based in the historical city of Pensacola, Florida and is located in the historical Brownsville area. The overall mission of Palmer’s Concrete is to form a foundation professionally for the moral structure of the individual, the businesses, and secure anRead MoreBenefits Of A Limited Liability Company759 Words   |  4 PagesA Limited Liability Company (LLC) is often regarded as a hybrid business structure: it mergers the protection of a corporation with the tax benefits and relative administrative simplicity of a partnership. For these reasons, it is considered an ideal business form for most small to mid-sized businesses with multiple owners. When starting a business, partners may choose to create an LLC rather than a standard partnership, thereby obtaining the substantial benefits provided by an LLC. In this structureRead MoreThe Legal Structure Of Limited Liability Company Essay834 Words   |  4 Pageslegal structure of Limited Liability Company. Facilities: I will have an office located in southern California. I will be located near the Los Angeles area. Business Structure: I am currently working on which professional organizations that I want to join. The film company will be more successful through networking. Facilities: I am currently working on what the zoning requirements are. The zoning requirements are important in picking the area for the location of my company. I am researchingRead MorePalmer s Concrete Limited Liability Company1546 Words   |  7 Pages Palmer’s Concrete Limited Liability Company Palmer’s Concrete is an independent owned limited liability corporation that uses concrete to build sidewalk curves, and lay foundations for any edaphic. Palmer’s Concrete Limited Liability Company is based in the historical city of Pensacola, Florida and is located in the historical Brownsville area. The overall mission of Palmer’s Concrete is to form a foundation professionally for the moral structure of the individual, the businesses, and secureRead MoreSole Proprietorship And Limited Liability Company1872 Words   |  8 PagesSole Proprietorship and Limited Liability Company For the past two years, Acme has been working out of the owner’s garage as a sole proprietorship. Which means there is one entity and there is no separation of the company and the owner. The sole proprietorship and the owner are one and the same meaning the business is not taxed but rather it is the owner’s income. The sole proprietorship is the least expensive to form. This type of entity has disadvantages of the owner being liable for all the

Self Reflection

Question: Discuss about the Self Reflection. Answer: I can say that I have learned a lot from this management course. I am glad that I have gained not only the theoretical knowledge but I have also learned various practical aspects of management. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, I have discussed the four subjects of management that I found most interesting. The first part discusses my reflection on these four subjects. In the second part, I have discussed the four key theories that I have learned in this course. In the third part, I have discussed on how my level of understanding of both the subjects and the theoretical models has developed an advanced level of knowledge for me as an effective manager. The four key subjects that I would like to discuss as part of this reflection are strategic management, leadership strategies for a changing world, strategic human resource management and corporate social responsibility. The critical analysis of these subjects can be discussed as: Strategic Management: In this course, I have learned about various aspects of strategic management. I have learned that organizations must have a mission and vision in place and the strategies must be developed and executed to achieve the mission and vision. Leadership strategies for a changing world: When doing business with companies that have disengaged employees, I am also not as motivated to do business with them. I find that as a consumer, it is so easy to identify those organizations where there is a lack of focus and effort by the followers. Part of successful execution of servant leadership is to create a lasting impact on the culture. When leaders command their employees, they often create an atmosphere of pressure which can lead to a lack of satisfaction with their jobs, which has an impact on the way they treat their customers. Strategic human resource management: I have learned that human resource management is an integral function for any organization as people are the biggest asset for any organization. Most of the research that has been completed shows an increased level of effectiveness with attaining goals and completing job requirements in shorter deadlines for followers under leaders. Because of this research as well as the studies of others being so clear, taking the time to educate leaders about all of the positive correlations and benefits that have been seen will certainly help to implement these principles more effectively (Lewis Andriopoulos, 2014). I think that there could also be a great deal of value in presenting some of these HRM case studies within other organizations to show how great leaders can move their organization in any direction desired for sustainable development. Corporate social responsibility: With this course, I have learned the importance of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. Current research reveals when employees establish and maintain high-quality relationships with their direct supervisor along with goal resemblance and social interaction, the environment is accelerated with positive energy levels, and its an important source of employee work motivation (Birasnav, 2014). key theories and application In all the subjects of management, I have learned various management theories. The four key theories from the management subjects can be discussed as: Servant leadership theory: Servant leadership varies from traditional methods of leadership because it focuses more on the relationship with followers, and less on the actions of the individual leader. Servant leadership, although quite valuable, is not always the best method of leadership in all circumstances. Servant leadership works best in situations where followers are highly motivated. Depending on the level of motivation, there are other types of leadership such as transformational and autocratic leadership that may be more appropriate (Vidic Burton, 2011). In many other forms of leadership, you are often selling a vision to followers, whereas within servant leadership you are building that vision collectively with them. Understanding the circumstances and leadership intention is essential to determining the most effective leadership style. Strategic management theory of competitive advantage: I have learned that there are two key approaches or theories of strategic management. The first approach is cost leadership approach and the second approach is product differentiation approach. The organizations like Walmart use cost leadership approach and an example for product differentiation would be Apple. The companies which have a unique and different product would often charge premium prices for their products. Omar Leach (2014) indicated that some managers make changes based on environmental changes for the sake of change and to increase social perception of the firm, regardless of the effectiveness of the change. This can prove to be a waste of time and money in the long run. PESTLE analysis: The PESTLE analysis is a powerful tool to assess the external environment. Despite the problems that could arise, I assert that it is still beneficial to engage in many of the theoretical tenets of Open Systems because the environment is rapidly changing and being engaged in it can prevent the organization from dissolving completely (Jackson Schuler, 2014). For example, organizations, which are affected by the legal environment or the political environment benefit from an open system view because the open systems view promotes flexibility and adaption to the environment (Westley Mintzberg, 1989). Conversely, the problems that could arise from open systems stem from the vulnerability to misread and misinterpret the environment. A leaders or managers ability to take into consideration all facets of the external environmental components affecting the organization can pose another challenge. Change management theories like Lewin change management model, Kotter change management model, etc.: With strategic human resource management course, I have learned that change management is an integral part for any organization. For any organization, the change agents should be authentic; build trust, and are committed to a flexible pursuit to find the best potential for themselves and those around them (Boone Makhani, 2012). In addition, servant leaders are also empathetic and open communicators that work together with their followers to solve complex problems (Vidic Burton, 2011). Self-Reflection There is one common thing that I have learned across all the subjects. That, the significance of learning and knowledge to every organization cannot be overemphasized. Knowledge includes all forms of content such as objects, information, data and wisdom. It is gathered from individuals, communities, networks and the internet. For organizational knowledge to add value to the organization, there must be an effective knowledge transfer and process in place. According to Herrmann Nadkarni (2014), certain factors can cause barriers to effective knowledge sharing; they include: organizational culture, language difference, control and hoarding, incentives and motivation, difficulty in explaining and inadequate technology. For knowledge to be efficiently shared and add value in the organization, employees must be made to commit and be truly involved in their work; this may be achieved by inculcating employee ownership. Executive management should also strive to engage their employees, this way they would be able to match projects to employee passion and proficiency. Change does not occur by itself. Personal energy and effort are required to promote a new idea successfully (Barrick Colbert, 2014). I anticipate the greatest challenge of operationalizing strategy across business functions will be to get all stakeholders to buy into the new strategy. Within the organization I work for, the mission, vision and strategy have historically been the same. To add a definition or facet or direction to the strategy will be difficult. Many of the employees including leadership are not creative. Rules are encouraged and enforced, a traditional authoritarian style of leadership exist within the organization. In a culture that is stagnant learning and growth does not come easily. The internal business process does not seek innovation or next generation educational modalities (Nijstad Berger-Selman, 2014). I have learned that the first step for management is people management. It made me think how trust is so important in an organization. People need to feel valued and that their opinions and thoughts matter. I think sometimes people are afraid to speak up and voice their concerns or let on that they dont know something. If they had voiced their opinion it may have led to deeper thoughts and different outcomes. At times, I feel insecure and need to remind myself that my superiors expect me to be the knowledge holder for my departments. Thats why Im there. They really do trust and rely on me to tell them when I have another idea or a doubt about one. Thankfully in my organization I trust my administrators because I feel they trust me. I have learned that greatest learning is learning from people. I have learned that management is much more about transactional management. I have witnessed many times throughout my life that when a manager was not willing to champion the ideas of upper management and resisted the change, it would fail in that area but not in others where the change was supported and championed. Understanding the role of mid-level management and the impact on the organization is crucial (Mujtaba, 2013). Although we will not always agree, once a decision has been made it is vital that we support the change and do what we can do lessen the resistance below us and not fight the change our organization is supporting. I would like to say that the managers and employees of an organization have a huge impact on the organizations ability to innovate and change. OReilly Tushman (2004) suggested that while the failure to achieve innovative breakthroughs is the battleground for management theory. It was found in their research that all types of innovation can have different targets but understanding customers is the way to be creative. OReilly Tushman (2004) suggested using a Map of Innovation to plot the targets on a matrix. One thing I have not seen in the literature, but have seen in person, is that a toxic leader not only costs their employers money as the company is in a constant search for replacement employees, but they can have long lasting negative impacts on those they manage. It is very important to establish a good thing with your staff because you have to know what you are dealing with when it comes to leadership in the company. When you have several of the same type of business going on around you and you are trying to compare what theyre doing with what youre doing it starts with the leading of the company. You have to make sure that you have the ability to work with all types of individuals daily. And you have to make sure that you are doing well with these people also making sure that they know what theyre doing at all times and that it is pleasing to to the public eye as well as the company eye. As a conclusion, I would like to say that I have learned a lot about management from this course. I am sure that the learning would help me to emerge as a better manager. In fact, more than a better manager, I would like to emerge as a leader. I am very much fascinated about the servant leadership style and I would definitely like to practice this style of leadership along with the transformational leadership style in my professional experience. References Birasnav, M., 2014. Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1622-1629. Boone, L. W., Makhani, S. (2012). Five Necessary Attitudes of a Servant Leader. Review Of Business, 33(1), 83-96. Colbert, A.E., Barrick, M.R. and Bradley, B.H., 2014. Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), pp.351-387. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Herrmann, P. and Nadkarni, S., 2014. Managing strategic change: The duality of CEO personality.Strategic Management Journal,35(9), pp.1318-1342. OReilly, C. Tushman, M. (2004). The Ambidextrous Organization.Harvard Business Review. Retrieved fromhttps://hbr.org/2004/04/the-ambidextrous-organization/ar/1 Lewis, M.W., Andriopoulos, C. and Smith, W.K., 2014. Paradoxical leadership to enable strategic agility.California Management Review,56(3), pp.58-77. Mujtaba, B.G., 2013. Managerial skills and practices for global leadership. Nijstad, B.A., Berger-Selman, F. and De Dreu, C.K., 2014. Innovation in top management teams: Minority dissent, transformational leadership, and radical innovations.European journal of work and organizational psychology,23(2), pp.310-322. Omar, A.T., Leach, D. and March, J., 2014. Collaboration between nonprofit and business sectors: A framework to guide strategy development for nonprofit organizations.VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,25(3), pp.657-678. Vidic, Z., Burton, D. (2011). Developing Effective Leaders: Motivational Correlates of Leadership Styles. Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(3), 277-291. Westley, F. and Mintzberg, H., 1989. Visionary leadership and strategic management.Strategic management journal,10(S1), pp.17-32.